主謂語法一致的原則

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語 來源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)




 謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則:一致原則,意義一致原則和就近一致原則。

  1. 語法一致的原則

 �。�1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞,動詞不定式短語作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù)時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),例如:

  He goes to school early every morning.

  The children are playing outside.

  To work hard is necessary for a student.

 �。�2)由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

  Both he and I are right.

  Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

  但并列主語如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如:

  His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

  The poet and writer has come.

 �。�3)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:

  In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

  Each man and each woman is asked to help.

 �。�4)主語是單數(shù)時,盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。例如:
  The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

  Nobody but two boys was late for class.

  Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

  (5) 一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時,謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

  A lot of people are dancing outside.

  The police are looking for lost boy.

 �。�6)由each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時,謂語動詞都用單數(shù)。例如:

  Is everybody ready?

  Somebody is using the phone.

 �。�7)有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

  Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.

  Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.

  如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等,則往往用作單數(shù),謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

  Here are some new pairs of shoes.

  My new pair of socks is on the bed.

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