初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):相互代詞

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)


相互代詞:
就是表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。它與它所指代的名詞或代詞是一種互指關(guān)系,因此它們是復(fù)數(shù)或者二者以上。
英語(yǔ)中的相互代詞只有兩個(gè),即each other和one another。
在正式文體中多用each other指兩者,用one another指兩者以上。
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)把它們當(dāng)作復(fù)合代詞看待,即使在分開(kāi)使用時(shí),它們也是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。
在句中,相互代詞可用作賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。例如:
Don't talk to each other (one another).
We must help one another.

相互代詞的用法:
相互代詞只有each other和one another兩個(gè)詞組。他們表示句中動(dòng)詞所敘述的動(dòng)作或感覺(jué)在涉及的各個(gè)對(duì)象之間是相互存在的,例如:
It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.
顯而易見(jiàn),不同文化的人總是相互借鑒的。

相互代詞的句法功能:
a. 作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ);
We often help each other in our lessons.
我們經(jīng)常在功課上互相幫助。
They see one another every day.
他們每天見(jiàn)面

b. 可作介詞賓語(yǔ);
Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.
狗吠、雞鳴、蛙兒對(duì)唱。
說(shuō)明:傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法認(rèn)為,相互關(guān)系存在于兩個(gè)人或物之間用each other,存在于兩個(gè)以上人和物之間用one another。
現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,兩組詞交替使用的實(shí)例也很多,例如:
He put all the books beside each other.
他把所有書(shū)并列擺放起來(lái)。
He put all the books beside one another.
他把所有書(shū)并列擺放起來(lái)。
Usually these small groups were independent of each other.
這些小團(tuán)體通常是相互獨(dú)立的。

c.作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須用所有格
The students borrowed each other's notes.
學(xué)生們互借筆記。

相互代詞each other和one another的區(qū)別:
1. 一般認(rèn)為 each other 指兩者,other another指三者或三者以上。但在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)?苫Q:
We respect each other [one another]. 我們互相尊重 (對(duì)方)。
The sea and the sky seemto melt into one another [each other]. 大海和藍(lán)天似乎融為一體。
2. 兩者均有所有格:They know each other’s [one another’s] weak points. 他們都彼此了解對(duì)方的缺點(diǎn)。
3. each other 可折開(kāi)用 (each…the other),而 one another則不能:
We helped each other. =We each helped the other. 我們互相幫助。
4. 漢語(yǔ)的“互相”是副詞,但是英語(yǔ)中的 each other 和 oneanother均為代詞,因此在及物動(dòng)詞之后可直接用作賓語(yǔ) (如help eachother);
而在不及物動(dòng)詞之后,則要借助介詞 (如talk to each other, learn from one another 等)。
5.這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)均不能用作主語(yǔ):
正:We each know what the other thinks.
誤:We know what each other [one another] thinks.
正因?yàn)椴荒苡米髦髡Z(yǔ),所以用它們作賓語(yǔ)的句子不能改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。




相關(guān)初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:
是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說(shuō)話人的情緒、態(tài)度或與語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。
無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 “not”。
個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式,過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣,委婉的語(yǔ)氣, 時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng),可用于過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞屬非及物動(dòng)詞,故沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四類(lèi):   
①只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:must, can(could),may(might)……   
②可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:need, dare   
③具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征:have(had, has) to, used to   
④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表猜測(cè)
注:mustn't代表強(qiáng)烈禁止 must表示主觀,have to表示客觀。
常用的有:can may could must have use .

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn):
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞須用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 "not"。
個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式,過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達(dá)更加客氣,委婉的語(yǔ)氣,時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng),可用于過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞屬非及物動(dòng)詞,故沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
He could be here soon.他很快就來(lái)。
We can't carry the heavy box.我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.對(duì)不起,我?guī)筒簧夏恪?BR>
基本助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是:
基本助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義,而情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞則有自己的詞義,能表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法,或表示主觀設(shè)想:
What have you been doing since? (構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行體,本身無(wú)詞義)
I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)
You may have read some account of the matter. (或許已經(jīng))

除此之外,情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞還有如下詞法和句法特征:
1) 除ought和used以外,其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面只能接不帶to的不定式。如果我們把ought to和used to看做是固定詞組的話,那么,所有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)一例外地只能接不帶to的不定式:
We used to grow beautiful roses.我們過(guò)去常常種這種漂亮的玫瑰花
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.我問(wèn)他是否來(lái)修我的電視機(jī)
2) 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞在限定動(dòng)詞詞組總是位居第一:
They need not have been punished so severely.
3) 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞用于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候,沒(méi)有詞形變化,即其詞尾無(wú)-s形式:
She dare not say what she thinks.
4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非限定形式,即沒(méi)有不定式和分詞形式,也沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的動(dòng)名詞:
Still,she needn't have run away.
5)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)”的形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志。在不少場(chǎng)合,情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)形式都可以表示現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)時(shí)間:
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6) 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞之間是相互排斥的,即在一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞詞組中只能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,但有時(shí)卻可以與have和be基本助動(dòng)詞連用:
You should have washed the wound.
Well,you shouldn't be reading a novel.
7)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must一般疑問(wèn)句否定回答用needn't
Must I read books every day、
No,you needn't



常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法:
1.can (could) 表示說(shuō)話人能,可以,同意,準(zhǔn)許,以及客觀條件許可,could 為 can 的過(guò)去式。
2.Must 必須,應(yīng)該,一定,準(zhǔn)是,表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為有必要做某事,命令,要求別人做某事以及對(duì)事物的推測(cè)。
must 用來(lái)指一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí), 過(guò)去式可用 have to 的過(guò)去式代替。
must + have + 過(guò)去分詞,表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過(guò)去事物的推測(cè)。
must 和 have to 的區(qū)別:must 表示說(shuō)話人的主觀思想,have to 表示客觀需要。
3.need 是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,他的用法完全和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣,但 need 還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用,這時(shí) need 就象其他動(dòng)詞一樣,有第三人稱(chēng),單復(fù)數(shù), 后面加帶 to 的動(dòng)詞等特性。
needn't + have + 過(guò)去分詞 表示過(guò)去做了沒(méi)必要做的事情。
4.dare 除用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞外,更多的是當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用, 用法同實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣,要考慮人稱(chēng),單復(fù)數(shù),時(shí)態(tài)等。
5.ought 應(yīng)當(dāng),應(yīng)該。后面跟帶有 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。
ought + to have done 句型。指過(guò)去動(dòng)作,表示一件事情該做而未做。
ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。
6.will (would)決心,愿望。 would 為 will 的過(guò)去式,
will, would用于疑問(wèn)句表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢(xún)問(wèn),用 would 比 will 更婉轉(zhuǎn),客氣。
7.Shall、should 表示命令,警告,允諾,征求,勸告,建議,驚奇。
8.have to,不得不,必須,表示客觀條件只能如此,而must 則表示主觀思想。



情態(tài)動(dòng)詞功能:
助動(dòng)詞主要有兩類(lèi):基本助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞。
基本助動(dòng)詞有三個(gè):do,have和be;
情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞基本的有十四個(gè):may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述兩類(lèi)助動(dòng)詞的共同特征是,在協(xié)助主動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成限定動(dòng)詞詞組時(shí),具有作用詞的功能:
1) 構(gòu)成否定式:
He didn't go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.
2) 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式或附加疑問(wèn)式:
Must you leave right now?
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?
3) 構(gòu)成修辭倒裝:
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4) 代替限定動(dòng)詞詞組:
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法小結(jié)   
(一)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的三種句式   
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might /can, could(也許,或許)。   
(1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question?   
他一定/可能/也許知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。   
(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.   
屋里很冷,他們肯定把暖氣關(guān)了。   
2. 否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not (可能不)。   
(1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 這不可能是校長(zhǎng),他去美國(guó)了。   
(2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也許不認(rèn)識(shí)那位科學(xué)家。   
3. 疑問(wèn)句中用can/could (能……?)。   
(1)Could he have finished the task?他可能把任務(wù)完成了嗎?   
(2)Can he be at home now? 他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎?   
注:以上三種句式中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might, could并非may, can的過(guò)去式,而表示語(yǔ)氣較為委婉或可能性較小。   

(二)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的三種時(shí)態(tài)   
1. 對(duì)將來(lái)情況的推測(cè),用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。   
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5: 00 前她一定/可能/也許到。   
(2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.   
她一定/可能/也許會(huì)在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個(gè)人。   
2. 對(duì)現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測(cè),用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be”,“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be doing”或 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。   
(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也許正在聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。   
(2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 這個(gè)時(shí)候他不可能/可能不在家。   
(3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?   
布什先生一向準(zhǔn)時(shí),這次開(kāi)幕式他怎么可能遲到呢?   
3.對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè),用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have +過(guò)去分詞”。   
(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地濕了,昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。   
(2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 門(mén)鎖著,他不可能/可能不在家。   
(3)Can / Could he have gotten the book? 難道他找到書(shū)了嗎?   
注:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should /ought to表推測(cè)時(shí),意為“想必會(huì),理應(yīng)……”但與“have +過(guò)去 分詞”連用時(shí),則又可構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣意為“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒(méi)做”。
例如:   
(4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.   
現(xiàn)在七點(diǎn)鐘了,杰克理應(yīng)隨時(shí)到達(dá)。(推測(cè))   
(5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虛擬)   
她本該出席你的生日晚會(huì)的,可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽。   
(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虛擬)   
湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密,可是他并無(wú)惡意。


相關(guān)初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):不定式

動(dòng)詞不定式:
指由to加上動(dòng)詞原形(而且只能是動(dòng)詞原形)所構(gòu)成的一種非限定性動(dòng)詞,但在有些情況下to可以省略。
動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法功能上可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。

動(dòng)詞不定式可以作以上各種成分,但它畢竟是動(dòng)詞,所以有動(dòng)詞的屬性。
動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語(yǔ)還可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ),雖然動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法上沒(méi)有表面上的直接主語(yǔ),但它表達(dá)的意義是動(dòng)作,這一動(dòng)作一定由使動(dòng)者發(fā)出。
這一使動(dòng)者我們稱(chēng)之為邏輯主語(yǔ),其形式如下:






















時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式
一般式(not) to do(not)to be done
完成式(not) to have done(not) to have been done
進(jìn)行式(not) to be doing
完成進(jìn)行式(not) to have been doing


不定式的用法:
1、不定式作主語(yǔ)
例如:To remember this is very important.
注意:為了避免頭重腳輕,在許多情況下,通常都將作主語(yǔ)的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首主語(yǔ)位置使用形式主語(yǔ)it。
例如:It is very important to remember this.
2、不定式作表語(yǔ)
例如:He seems to be ill.
注意:不定式作表語(yǔ)主要有三種情況,一是用于seem, appear, prove等系動(dòng)詞之后的不 定式(尤其是to be),
二是像My job is to sweep the floor. 這樣的主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)“等價(jià)”的情形,
三是表示想法、約定、義務(wù)、命令、可能性、命運(yùn)等,如:
You are to come when I call.
3、不定式作賓語(yǔ)
例如:I can not afford to buy a car.
注意:
①不定式不僅用作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),還可用作個(gè)別介詞(but, except)的賓語(yǔ)。
例如:I had no choice but to wait.
②當(dāng)作賓語(yǔ)的不定式后跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),通常要用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式,并將真正的賓語(yǔ)不定式置于賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后
例如:I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.
4、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
例如:Who taught you to drive?
5、不定式作定語(yǔ)
例如:I have a question to ask you.
注意:有的名詞(如way, chance, right等)后用作不定式可換成of doing sth.
如:It is the best way to do (of doing) it.
但是以下名詞后接不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常不能換成of doing sth.
attempt courage decision effort fortune failure invitation wish
6、不定式作狀語(yǔ)
例如:I went to France to learn French.


相關(guān)初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):反意疑問(wèn)句

反義疑問(wèn)句:
表示提問(wèn)人的看法,沒(méi)有把握,需要對(duì)方證實(shí)。
反意疑問(wèn)句由兩部分組成:前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句,后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的疑問(wèn)句,兩部分的人稱(chēng)時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。
1. 陳述部分肯定式+疑問(wèn)部分否定式可記為前肯后否。
2. 陳述部分否定式+疑問(wèn)部分肯定式可記為前否后肯。
例如:This pencil is red, isn’t it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
This pencil isn’t red, is it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
速記:
前肯后否,前否后肯,前be后be,前無(wú)be后加助,時(shí)態(tài)一致。

反意疑問(wèn)句的回答
前肯后否,前否后肯,根據(jù)事實(shí)從后往前翻譯。如:
(1)They work hard,don’t they?他們努力工作,不是嗎?
Yes, they do.對(duì),他們工作努力。/No, they don't.不,他們工作不努力
(2)They don’t work hard, do they? 他們不太努力工作,是嗎?
Yes, they do. 不,他們工作努力。/No, they don't. 是的, 他們工作不努力

否定反義疑問(wèn)句的回答
當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定式,反義疑問(wèn)句為否定式時(shí),其回答一般不會(huì)造成困難,一般只需照情況回答即可:
"It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,不是嗎?”“是,是新的!
"He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去,不是嗎?”“不,他不想去!
此時(shí),"Yes"即是,對(duì)前面"It's new."的肯定。

回答反義疑問(wèn)句的原則
回答反意疑問(wèn)句通常應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)確定,
如有人問(wèn)你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你應(yīng)回答No, I’m not. 因?yàn)榧热荒隳芑卮,肯定你還沒(méi)有asleep。
但如果別人問(wèn)你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你還沒(méi)有睡著,對(duì)嗎),你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的,還沒(méi)有睡著),而不能回答為Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
“It is a beautiful flower,isn't it?” “It isn't a beautiful flower,is it?”
上述兩句句子的回答肯定均為“Yes,it is."否定為“No,it isn't."
由上述例子可知,反義疑問(wèn)句回答與句子本身所包含的中文肯定與否的含義并無(wú)太大關(guān)聯(lián),只需注意事實(shí),肯定即用yes,否定用no,無(wú)需考慮句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。

口訣:
反意疑問(wèn)并不難,陳述疑問(wèn)句中含。
前后肯否恰相反,否定詞綴不能算。
主謂時(shí)態(tài)要一致,特殊情況記心田。
實(shí)際情況來(lái)回答,再把yes和no揀。
綜上所述,反義疑問(wèn)句回答就是按實(shí)際情況回答。
對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的回答,無(wú)論問(wèn)題的提法如何,如果事實(shí)是肯定的,就用yes,事實(shí)是否定的,就要用no。
要特別注意陳述句部分是否定結(jié)構(gòu),反意疑問(wèn)句部分用肯定式提問(wèn)時(shí),回答yes或no與漢語(yǔ)正好相反。這種省略回答的yes要譯成“不”,no要譯成“是”。
例:
?He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜歡踢足球,不是嗎?
?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。
?His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議,是嗎?
?Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她參加了。/ 是的,她沒(méi)參加。



快速記憶表:
陳述部分的謂語(yǔ) 疑問(wèn)部分
I/主語(yǔ) aren't I / are I
no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含義的詞 肯定含義
含有un-,in-.dis-,im-等否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),視為肯定含義 否定含義
ought to(肯定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語(yǔ)
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主語(yǔ)(didn't +主語(yǔ))
used to+v. didn't +主語(yǔ)或 usedn't +主語(yǔ)
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主語(yǔ)
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主語(yǔ)
must 根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定
感嘆句 be +主語(yǔ)
指示代詞或不定代詞everything,that,nothing,this 主語(yǔ)用it
并列復(fù)合句 謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定
定語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句主從復(fù)合句 根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定
think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo) 與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)的從句
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need need/needn't (dare/daren't ) +主語(yǔ)
dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do/don't +主語(yǔ)
省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句 will/won't you?
Let's 開(kāi)頭的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+there(省略主語(yǔ)代詞)
否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式.

反意疑問(wèn)句19條:
1) 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I,疑問(wèn)部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
2) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是wish,疑問(wèn)部分要用may +主語(yǔ)。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (開(kāi)花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問(wèn)句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問(wèn)部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語(yǔ)。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問(wèn)部分常用don't +主語(yǔ)(didn't +主語(yǔ))。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是used to 時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用didn't +主語(yǔ)或 usedn't +主語(yǔ)。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問(wèn)句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.,疑問(wèn)部分多用 wouldn't +主語(yǔ)。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問(wèn)部分用wouldn't +主語(yǔ)。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感嘆句中,疑問(wèn)部分用用否定的助動(dòng)詞加sb/sth?如:
1)What a fine day it is today!
What a fine day it is today,isn“t it?
2)How fast he runs!
How fast he runs,doesn”t he?
3)What a long time we have been waiting!
What a long time we have been waiting ,haven“t we?
12) 陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問(wèn)部分主語(yǔ)用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14)陳述部分為主語(yǔ)從句或并列復(fù)合句,疑問(wèn)部分有三種情況:
a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問(wèn)部分,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 帶有定語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句,疑問(wèn)部分謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句謂語(yǔ)是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,疑問(wèn)部分與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問(wèn)部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they,有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分常用 need (dare ) +主語(yǔ)。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用助動(dòng)詞do + 主語(yǔ)。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意: Let's 開(kāi)頭的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句,后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問(wèn)部分用there省略主語(yǔ)代詞。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
有些動(dòng)詞如:cost hurt hit put 等,它們的過(guò)去時(shí)與原型相同,在肯定句中一定要先弄清楚它們是什么時(shí)態(tài).

英語(yǔ)18種特殊的反意疑問(wèn)句:
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句,用will you 多表
示“請(qǐng)求”,用won't you 多表示提醒對(duì)方注意。例如:   
Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好嗎?   
Let 引導(dǎo)的祈使句有兩種情況:   
1) Let's...后的反意疑問(wèn)句用shall we或shan't we。例如:   
Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好嗎?   
還可以用may I來(lái)表示征求對(duì)方的同意或許可。   
2) Let us/me...后的反意疑問(wèn)句用will you或won't you。例如:   
Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 讓我試一試,行嗎?   
2. 感嘆句。感嘆句后加反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句需用be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的否定形式。 例如:   
What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天氣啊,是吧?   
3. 當(dāng)陳述部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是need, dare, used to,且這些詞被用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn) 句需用do的適當(dāng)形式。例如:   
He needs help, doesn't he? 他需要幫助,是嗎?   
4. 陳述部分主、謂語(yǔ)是I am...時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可 用a m I not)。例如:   
I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作,是嗎?   
5. 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everything, nothing, anything或something 時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用代詞it。例如:   
Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音機(jī)出毛病了,是吧?   
6. 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 時(shí), 其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they。 例如:   
Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是嗎?   
No one knows about it, do they? 沒(méi)有人知道這件事,對(duì)嗎?   
7. 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this或that時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it,當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞these或those時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用they。 例如:   
This is a plane, isn't it? 這是一架飛機(jī),是嗎?   
These are grapes,aren't they? 這些是葡萄,是嗎?   
8. 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是不定代詞one時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)可以用one,也可用you(美式英語(yǔ)用he)。例如:   
One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該樂(lè)于助人,是吧?   
9. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有以下這些含有否定意義的詞時(shí):few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑問(wèn)句需用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如:   
He is never late for school, is he? 他上學(xué)從不遲到,是嗎?   
10. 當(dāng)陳述部分所含的否定詞是通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的,其后的反意疑問(wèn)句依然用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:   
It is unfair, isn't it? 這不公平,是吧?   
11.含有否定含義的詞在陳述部分作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句用肯定結(jié)構(gòu),也可以用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:   
You got nothing from him, did you? 你從他那兒什么也沒(méi)得到,是嗎?   
12. 當(dāng)陳述部分主語(yǔ)是從句、不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用it。 例如:   
What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的東西更重要,是吧?   
13. 當(dāng)陳述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句須與從句的主、謂語(yǔ)保持一致,注意主句的主語(yǔ)必須是第一人稱(chēng)。例如:   
I don't think he will come, will he? 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái),對(duì)嗎?   
14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做謂語(yǔ)時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞要用do, does, did。例如:   
They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他們剛才開(kāi)了個(gè)會(huì),是嗎?   
15. 陳述部分有have to 時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句要用助動(dòng)詞的否定形式。例如:   
You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要澆菜,對(duì)吧?   
16. 陳述部分是there be句型時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句中要用there。例如:   
There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 過(guò)去這兒有家醫(yī)院,是嗎?   
17. 陳述部分有had better時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句中要用hadn't。例如:   
We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我們現(xiàn)在最好馬上去上學(xué),好嗎?
18. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must時(shí),我們便要分析一下must的含義。如果must 作“一定;要;必須”講,反意疑問(wèn)句須用mustn't或needn't;
而當(dāng)must作推測(cè)意義“一定 是;必定”講時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句則需根據(jù)must后的動(dòng)詞原形選用相應(yīng)的形式。例如:   
He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必須努力學(xué)物理,是吧?   
Tom must be at home,isn't he? 湯姆一定在家,是吧?


相關(guān)初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):疑問(wèn)詞組

疑問(wèn)詞組:
即使由疑問(wèn)詞和一些詞一起構(gòu)成的表示疑問(wèn)的詞組。由how/what與另外一個(gè)詞組成的詞組。
例如:
how many (后接可數(shù)名詞,多少), how much (后接不可數(shù)名詞,多少),
how often (表示頻率), what if (如果…將會(huì)怎么樣),
what about (…怎么樣), what time (幾點(diǎn))

與how搭配的疑問(wèn)詞組:
How在英語(yǔ)中通常用作副詞,是特殊疑問(wèn)句中本領(lǐng)最大的疑問(wèn)詞。他與其它形容詞或副詞搭配組成疑問(wèn)詞組
1.How old問(wèn)年齡、年代。
How old is your friend? 你朋友多大了?
How old is the bridge? 這座橋有多少年代了?
2.How many問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量。常將可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)緊隨其后。如:
How many pictures are there on the wall? 墻上有多少幅畫(huà)?
How many glasses of milk would you like? 你們想要幾杯牛奶?
3.How much詢(xún)問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量、物品的價(jià)格。
How much money is there in the purse? 錢(qián)包里有多少錢(qián)?
How much are the apples at the moment? 目前蘋(píng)果什么價(jià)錢(qián)?
4.How long提問(wèn)物體的長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短。
How long is the Changjia River? 長(zhǎng)江有多長(zhǎng)?
How long does it take you to do your homework every day?
你每天花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做作業(yè)?
5.How soon 對(duì) “in+一段時(shí)間 ”提問(wèn), 表示“多久之后”。
How soon will you be back? 你多久后回來(lái)?
6.How often對(duì)表示頻率的副詞或短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。
How often does Mrs. Green go shopping? 格林夫人多久去購(gòu)一次物?
7.How about用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。
Your father is a worker, how about your mother? 你父親是工人,你母親呢?
How about playing games after school this afternoon? 下午放學(xué)后做游戲怎么樣?
8.How far 問(wèn)兩地間的距離How tall問(wèn)人(樹(shù))的高度;how heavy問(wèn)重量;how wide問(wèn)寬;how high可以詢(xún)問(wèn)建筑物、山峰高度。
How far is it from the earth to the moon? 從地球到月球有多遠(yuǎn)?
How tall is Yao Ming? 姚明身高多少?
How heavy is that big box? 那只大箱子有多重?
How wide is the new street? 這條新街有多寬?
How high is the tower in Paris? 巴黎的那座塔有多高?

與what搭配的疑問(wèn)詞組:










































疑問(wèn)詞意思用法例句
what什么用來(lái)問(wèn)是什么,叫什么,做什么等1. What’s your name?
你叫什么名字?
2.What’s your father?
你爸爸是干什么的?
3.what is in your box?
你的盒子里是什么?
what
time
什么時(shí)間用來(lái)問(wèn)時(shí)間1.What time is it? 幾點(diǎn)了?
2.What time is it now?
現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?
what
colour
什么顏色用來(lái)問(wèn)顏色1.waht colour is your bag?
你的書(shū)包是什么顏色?
2.what colour is your book?
你的書(shū)本是什么顏色?
what
about
怎么樣用來(lái)征求意見(jiàn)或詢(xún)問(wèn)感受等,
大多用于承接上面的同樣問(wèn)題

1.what bout this pair of shoes?這雙鞋子怎么樣?
2.what about you? 你呢?
3.what about your dad?
你爸爸呢?

what
day
星期幾用來(lái)問(wèn)星期幾1.what day is it today?
今天星期幾?
2. what day was yesterday?
昨天星期幾?
what
date
什么日期問(wèn)具體的日期1.What’s the date today?
今天是幾號(hào)?
2. what date is tomorrow?
明天是幾號(hào)?
what...for...為何目的用來(lái)問(wèn)目的,在一定情況下只可以與why互換What did you buy that for?
你為什么要買(mǎi)那個(gè)?



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