過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：
就是相對(duì)過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻來(lái)說(shuō)已經(jīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)在有直接影響并且還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。放在間接引語(yǔ)或虛擬語(yǔ)氣中時(shí)它的時(shí)態(tài)不能再向前推，向后推是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由"had been+現(xiàn)在分詞"構(gòu)成。
例如：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
她在考試之前一直患重感冒。

特點(diǎn)：
1.這種時(shí)態(tài)很少用在否定句中，而多以過(guò)去完成時(shí)代替：
He had not practised English for many years．（普通說(shuō)法）
He had not been practising English for many years．（少見(jiàn)）

2.這種時(shí)態(tài)還可用在said，supposed等引起的間接引語(yǔ)中，代替現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：
He said，“I have been speaking to John．”= He said that he had been speaking to John．
He thought，“She was watching me when I passed．”= He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed．

3.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) (The present perfect progressive) 由 have/has been +-ing 分詞構(gòu)成；
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（ The past perfect progressive tenses ）由 had been +-ing 分詞構(gòu)成．
現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：
A. 在某段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在某段時(shí)間里的持續(xù)性．
動(dòng)作通常有"現(xiàn)在"的結(jié)果，要根據(jù)上下文來(lái)確定到"現(xiàn)在"為止，動(dòng)作是否還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行．
同樣，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去更早時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,并對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。
B.表示重復(fù)動(dòng)作的現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
我們也可以用完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作
注意：過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)類似，需要有過(guò)去這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)比較：
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法很相近，它通常表示某個(gè)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻，還未完成，一直持續(xù)到之后的當(dāng)前才結(jié)束
He had been waiting for two weeks． He was still waiting．（有一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)）
Up to that time he had been translating those books．（He was still translating at “that time”．）
He had been writing the letter till two o'clock．
He was now thirty years old．He had been gambling since he was ten．（He was still gambling at thirty．）
He had been standing there in the sun．（沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）
He had been thinking about his marriage．
不過(guò)這種時(shí)態(tài)并不一定表示這個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作將持續(xù)下去：
He came back at seven．He had been waiting for her two hours．（At seven he did not wait any more．）
He stopped swimming．He had been swimming for the last three hours．

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：
①表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間。
和過(guò)去完成時(shí)一樣，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也必須以一過(guò)去時(shí)間為前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
這東西我找了好多天才找著的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.
他們只等了一會(huì)兒車就來(lái)了。

②表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他過(guò)去多次向我提到過(guò)你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.
你對(duì)我真是有求必應(yīng)。

③過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還常用于間接引語(yǔ)中
The doctor asked what he had been eating
.醫(yī)生問(wèn)他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我問(wèn)他們那些天是呆在哪兒的。

④過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我剛看了幾分鐘他就進(jìn)來(lái)了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她溫習(xí)功課才一會(huì)兒，她妹妹就打斷她了。
I had been sleeping when my friend telephone me.
我正在睡覺(jué)時(shí)，我的朋友給我打電話。

本文來(lái)自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://m.portlandfoamroofing.com/chuzhong/282382.html

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