帶介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句學(xué)習(xí)四要素

編輯: 逍遙路 關(guān)鍵詞: 高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 高中學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)


  帶介詞的定語(yǔ)從句是定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)習(xí)的重要內(nèi)容,也是高考重要考點(diǎn),學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意下列幾點(diǎn):

  一、明確介詞位置,把握介詞使用要求

  關(guān)系代詞whom或which在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞可放在后面,也可提前構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞whom(先行詞指人)/which(先行詞指物)”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

  This is the girl whom I borrowed a book from.

  =This is the girl from whom I borrowed a book.這就是我向她借書的那個(gè)女孩。

  Is this the room which he once lived in?

  =Is this the room in which he once lived?這是他曾經(jīng)住過的房子嗎?

  但下列情況下介詞不能提前。

  (1)用who代替whom,that代替which時(shí)介詞不能提前。

  He's the boy who I learned English from.這是我向他學(xué)英語(yǔ)的男孩。

  This is the room that he once lived in.這是他曾住過的房間。

  (2)當(dāng)whom,which省去時(shí)介詞不能提前。

  Is he the boy you went there with?他是你和他一起去那兒的男孩嗎?

  This is the room he lived in.這是他住過的房間。

  (3)當(dāng)從句中的謂語(yǔ)是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞不能拆開提前。

  You're the very man whom I'm looking for.你正是我在找的那個(gè)人。

  This is the program which he listened to.這就是他聽過的節(jié)目。

  二、了解關(guān)系代詞省略的背景要求

  關(guān)系代詞whom或which在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)且介詞又放在后面時(shí)可以省去。

  Can you find a girl(whom)I can go to Beijing with?你能替我找一個(gè)我可以和她一道去北京的女孩嗎?

  Is this the pen(which)you referred to yesterday?這是你昨天提到的那支筆嗎?

  但如果介詞被提前,關(guān)系代詞whom或which不能省略。

  This is the boy on whom you can depend.這就是你可以依賴的那個(gè)男孩。(whom不可省)

  My glasses without which I was almost like a blind man fell to the ground and broke into pieces.我的眼鏡掉到地上摔成碎片,沒有它我簡(jiǎn)直像個(gè)瞎子。(which不可省)

  三、熟悉關(guān)系代詞替換的背景要求

  關(guān)系代詞whom或which作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),如果介詞放在后面,可用who/that代替whom,that代替which。

  Qiu Yike,a new ping?pong star at the 47th World Championships in Paris is the boy(who/whom/that)I'm proud of.邱貽可,47屆巴黎世界乒乓球錦標(biāo)賽上升起的明星,是我感到驕傲的對(duì)象。

  This is the laboratory(that/which)he studies Sars in.這就是他研究Sars病毒的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

  但如果介詞被提前,不可用who/that代替whom,也不可用that代替which。

  This is the doctor with whom Xiao Wang fought Sars with.這就是小王和他一起與Sars病毒戰(zhàn)斗的醫(yī)生。(whom不能被who或that所替換)

  This is the table on which lies a thick dictionary.這就是上面放著一本厚字典的桌子。(which不能被that所替換)

  四、掌握帶介詞定語(yǔ)從句的幾種創(chuàng)新形式

  (一)介詞+whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

  whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可出現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新句型:介詞+whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。解這種定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需弄清從句的動(dòng)詞與先行詞、whose后邊的名詞及定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系,并發(fā)揮合理想象,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其中正確的邏輯關(guān)系。

  She is the girl to whose brother I talked yesterday.她就是昨天我和其兄弟談話的女孩。

  析:分析the girl、brother和I之間的邏輯關(guān)系,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)我和女孩的兄弟談話。

  He is the boy for whose boss I work.他就是我為其老板打工的男孩。

  析:分析the boy、boss和I之間的邏輯關(guān)系,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)我為男孩的老板打工。

  (二)復(fù)雜介詞+whom/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

  This is the hotel at the back of which is a small garden.這就是后面有一座花園的旅館。

  They came to a farm house in front of which sat a small boy.他們來(lái)到一家農(nóng)房,前面坐著一個(gè)小男孩。

  (三)數(shù)詞(不定量數(shù)詞)/含所屬關(guān)系名詞+of whom/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

  She has many books only one of which is interesting.她有許多書,只有一本是有趣的。

  I have many friends,the tallest of whom is Wei Fang.我有許多朋友,個(gè)子最高的是魏芳。

 

 

 

 

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