語法學習:“剪的斷,理不亂”的關系代詞

編輯: 逍遙路 關鍵詞: 高中英語 來源: 高中學習網(wǎng)


which VS that

which和that都可指代物,有時候可以互換,有時卻是“水火不容”:

一、只用that不能用which的情況:

(1)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時:

The most important thing that we should do is to study hard.

我們要做的最重要的事情就是努力學習。

(2)被修飾的先行詞為all/ any/ much/ many/ everything/ anything/ none/the one等不定代詞時:

Is there any thing that you want to buy?你有什么東西要買嗎?

(3)先行詞被the only/ the very/ the same/the last/ little/ few等詞修飾時:

This is the same book that I lost.這就是我丟的那本書。

(3)先行詞里同時含有人和物時:

I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

(4)避免重復:

Which is the pen that belongs to you?哪支筆是你的?

(5)主句是there be結(jié)構:

There is a pen on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那支筆是湯姆的。

二、只用which,而不用that的情況:

(1)先行詞為that/ those時:

What’s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

(2)關系代詞前有介詞時:

This is the city in which he lives.這是他生活的城市。

(3)引導非限制性定語從句:

Tom passed the exam, which made us surprised.湯姆通過了考試,這使我們很驚訝。

that VS who

兩者均可指人,有時可互換:

All that /who heard the news were sad. 所有聽到消息的人都很傷心。

He is the only one among us that/ who knows Spanish.他是我們中間唯一懂西班牙語的人。

一、只用that不能用who的情況:

(1)當先行詞指人又指物時:

I remember the persons and pictures that I saw in the museum. 我記得在博物館看到的那些人和圖片。

(2)避免重復::

Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 誰贏得了1982年的世界杯?

(3)當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(可省略):

Jack is not the boy (that) he was ten years ago.杰克不再是十年前那個樣子了。

二、只用who不能用that的情況:

(1)先行詞為one、ones或anyone :

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 所有違法的人都該受到懲罰。

(2)先行詞為those且指人 :

Those who break the law will be punished. 違法的那些人都會受到懲罰。

(3)在there be開頭的句子中:

There is a student who wants to see you.

(4)避免重復:

Who is the boy that is writing?正在寫字的那個男孩是誰?

(5)在非限制性定語從句中:

I have a good friend, who comes from the USA.


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